face being fiercely separatistic, intolerant, and aggressive. It has
been viewed as the religion of the clenched fist. It was inevitable,
would be sought. This came in the form of The New Evangelicalism:
broad, scholarly, and friendly. However, this movement within
of the inspiration and authority of Scripture. The New
Evangelicalism split over the issue of the inerrancy of Scripture.
Again Puritanism is commended. While the Puritans could not anticipate
Scripture in the opening chapter of The Westminster Confession.
Pentecostalism — The Pentecostal movement, which is as wide
and diverse as a rainbow, is noted for emphasis on three important
subjects: the reality of spiritual experience, the demonstration of
spiritual power, and joy in public worship. These matters were also
stressed by the Puritans.
First, the Puritans placed great stress on the spiritual experience
of God’s free grace in conversion. The parameters of spiritual experience
with regard to joy in justification, the love of the Father in
adoption, patience in tribulation, and enjoyment of Christ were explored
to the full by the Puritans. The Puritan view is that we are
now complete in Christ. Spiritual experience consists of the ongoing
application of the believer’s experimental union with the three
Persons of the Trinity. The New Testament does not suggest or
command a specific second experience after conversion as though
something has to be added to what we already are in Christ. Many
in the Pentecostal movement concede that all who are in Christ have
been baptized spiritually into Christ (1 Cor 12:12); no second specific
experience is mandatory, and no second experience is to be
5
regarded as a type of “open sesame” to a Pandora’s box of new experiences.
The Puritans would concur that spiritual power or the
anointing of the Holy Spirit is needed not only for preaching but for
service generally and for endurance in tribulation. The Holy Spirit
is always at work in the believer to correct, guide, comfort, and empower.
Second, there is a stress in some Pentecostal denominations on
the continuation of signs, wonders, and miracles. The Puritan view
is that the apostles and prophets of the New Testament were extraordinary.
They were given a special enduement for the work of
setting the foundations. We do not have to repeat their work. It is
not necessary to vindicate the Word of God with new signs and
wonders. Puritan teaching is wonderfully liberating because spiritual
leaders are not required to walk on water, replace missing
limbs, raise the dead, or perform stupendous miracles such as creating
fish and bread. The Word of God is all-sufficient, and we do not
need to exercise the supernatural gifts of prophecies, tongues, and
interpretation of tongues. As we examine the history of the Christian
Church through the centuries and through the 20th century, the
absence of miracles is evident. A major ethical embarrassment takes
place when miracles are offered, especially miracles of healing, and
then failure is evident. How sad it is to claim to be a miracle-worker
and then to disappoint the hopes of hurting people. When such
promises fail, disillusionment sets in which is very deep and
wounding. We do not make promises we cannot fulfil. Rather, we
point to the promise which will never fail, and that is the promise of
the gospel—eternal life to everyone who repents and believes.
Third, there is the need for joyful public worship. Dull, lifeless
worship is a contradiction of the joy of salvation. The regulative
principle is important. This is a principle by which public worship
is regulated according to the specifics of the New Testament. In
other words, we should engage only in spiritual worship which is
specified by Scripture—the public reading of Scripture, preaching,
intercessory prayer, and singing. There is no specification as to how
these elements are to be arranged. This suggests freedom. There is
no reason why we should not have great joy and edification in our
public worship. We do not need to resort to imitating the world or
to entertainment. We can combine dignity and reverence with joy
and gladness. Stephen Charnock, in an exposition on John 4:24,
places the focus on God as central in worship when he refers to
some of the essential elements involved:
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“God is a Spirit infinitely happy, therefore we must approach
him with cheerfulness; he is a Spirit of infinite majesty, therefore
we must come before him with reverence; he is a Spirit infinitely
high, therefore we must offer up our sacrifices with deepest humility;
he is a Spirit infinitely holy, therefore we must address him with
purity; he is a Spirit infinitely glorious, we therefore must acknowledge
his excellency; he is a Spirit provoked by us, therefore we
must offer up our worship in the name of a pacifying mediator and
intercessor.”
Needless to say, tedium must be avoided in worship. The challenge
for preachers not to weary their hearers will be addressed in a
separate chapter on preaching.
Shallow evangelism — Possibly here more than anywhere the
Puritans can help evangelicals who use the altar call and who too
readily pronounce people converted simply because a decision for
Christ has been recorded. One of the legacies of the Puritan era is a
stable doctrine of divine sovereignty and human responsibility to
insure against the errors of Arminianism on the one hand and Hyper-
Calvinism on the other.
Reconstructionism — This is a movement emanating out of
America which stresses the importance of the moral law and holds
to a post-millennial position which foresees that Christianity will
prevail to the point where civil governments around the world will
become Christian. Reconstructionism stresses the application of
biblical teaching to every facet of life, private and public, and by
exposition of the Scriptures seeks to equip politicians to apply biblical
law to public life. Puritanism would endorse the emphasis on
the Ten Commandments and the need to persuade and teach politicians
to apply these commandments in legislation. However, the
Puritans would part company with any who sought to follow theonomy,
that is the application of Old Testament laws to public life.
With regard to the future, as has already been pointed out, the Puritans
varied. They were mostly postmillennial, but their optimism
was centered in the transforming power of the gospel and the building
up of churches, rather than preoccupation with the powers of
civil government.
Broad evangelicalism — Broad evangelicalism is innocuous
and is no threat to the world, to sin, or the devil. The Puritans exer7
cised spiritual power. They brought down the opposition of darkness.
The English Puritans gave to England the Christian family and
the Lord’s Day. Allied also to broad evangelicalism is impotent
scholarship which is undisciplined and effete. Allied too to broad
evangelicalism is shallow evangelism. In a recent book Are You
Really Born Again? – Understanding True and False Conversion
(EP), Kent Philpott testifies how he has moved in his ministry from
shallow evangelistic practice with its altar call to Reformed and Puritan
practice. With regard to scholarship the Puritans were full of
practical application. Sadly, often where we find substantial evangelical
scholarship today, it can be lacking in the area of
application.
Calvinistic Sovereign Graceism — Some readers may wonder
what this is. The fact is that many churches disown the description
“reformed” because they disagree with the Law and the Lord’s Day
chapters (chapters 19 and 21 in The Westminster Confession of
Faith or its Baptist counterpart The 1689 London Confession of
Faith*). They embrace the five points of Calvinism. These five
points are easily remembered by the acrostic TULIP: total depravity,
unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace,
perseverance of the saints. This formulation originated at the Synod
of Dort in Holland in 1618-19.
The five points highlight the truth that we are saved by grace
alone. There are, however, dangers in a simplistic reduction of Calvinism
to five points. In Scripture wherever the truth of salvation by
grace alone is stated, it is in the context of practical application.
Without spiritual application there is the danger of being merely
academic or intellectual. This was largely characteristic of fundamentalism.
As with other groupings of churches, Sovereign Grace
churches vary widely in character. A few have fallen prey to a cultic
spirit by implying that only those who believe in the five points are
true, born-again Christians. Puritanism corrects such error by keeping
to the biblical centrality of union with Christ as the main feature
of the Christian, a union which brings with it at one and the same
time justification imputed and holiness of life shown by fruitfulness
(Rom 6:1-18). The Puritans were careful not to add to justification
by faith alone. In some instances “Calvinistic Sovereign Graceism”
adds to justification by faith by insisting that to be a true believer
one must possess the five points. But faith alone joins the believer
to Christ. To that nothing must be added.
Hyper-Calvinism — The essence of Hyper-Calvinism is to deny
common grace of the love of God to all men. In other words, God
only loves the elect and only hates the non-elect. Further, Hyper-
Calvinism denies the sincere free offers of the Gospel to all men. C.
H. Spurgeon was a Puritan in every fiber of his being. In his preaching
we have wonderful examples of the five points of Calvinism
preached evangelistically. For instance, Spurgeon poured scorn on a
general redemption that supposedly made salvation possible but
does not in fact actually save anyone. Spurgeon preached particular
redemption in a most powerful evangelistic manner. The Puritans
can provide stability today in the biblical manner that they held to
the different facets of the love of God and the way in which they
held in harmony the doctrines of divine sovereignty and human responsibility.
One example of that is John Flavel’s Christ Knocking
at the Door of Sinners’ Hearts which was published as a paperback
by Baker Book House, 400 pages of gripping exposition all from
one text, Revelation 3:20.
The Church of Christ on earth at the end of the 20th century is
larger and more diverse than it has ever been. Only some aspects
and strands of that huge body have been referred to, yet from these
descriptions it should be evident that the Puritan writings are relevant
today.